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POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES WITH CROSSED WIRE ANODES
R2486 SERIES
3 Diameter Circular Envelope Position-Sensitive PMT with Crossed Wire Anodes For Nuclear Medical Instruments, High Energy Physics Experiments
Introduction
The R2486 series have a bialkali photocathode, a 12-stage coarse mesh dynode structure, and multiple anode wires crossing one another in the X and Y directions. Output signals from each anode can be divided through external resistive chains and derived from X and Y electrodes as the position signals. This crossed-wire anode construction features high spatial resolution, high position linearity, and easy signal processing for scintillation imaging. A 5-inch diameter type R3292 is also available.
Applications
GCompact Gamma Camera GAnimal PET GRadiation Imaging
Voltage divider circuit and resistive chains for signal processing simplify connection to measuring instruments.
The following versions are available to handle various applications.
1. R2486: Flying lead type (Fig. 9) 2. R2486-01: Provided with high-voltage divider circuit; enables direct reading of signals from each anode through an IC socket. (Fig. 10) 3. R2486-02: Provided with high-voltage divider circuit and resistive chains for signal processing, simplifying connection to external devices. (Fig. 11) 4. R2486-03: Variant type of R2486-02 having HA coating and -metal shielding. (Fig. 12) 5. R2486-04: Variant type of R2486-03 with the aluminum case. (Fig.13)
The R2486 series enables the acquisition of 2-dimensional information with a single tube.
Until now, the task of obtaining 2-dimensional information required the use of an arrangement of multiple PMTs. This approach was costly and required complex hardware. The R2486 series were developed as position-sensitive PMTs to enable this information acquisition with a single tube.
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. (c)2001 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2486 SERIES
GENERAL
Parameter Spectral Response Wavelength of Maximum Response Photocathode Material Material Shape Window Thickness Index of Refraction at 420 nm Structure Dynode Number of Stages Anode Number of Wires Effective Area Description/Value 300 to 600 420 Bialkali Borosilicate glass Plano-plano 3.0 0.3 1.5 Coarse mesh 12 16 (X) + 16 (Y) 50 Unit nm nm -- -- -- mm -- -- -- -- mm
NOTES A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum. B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is 150 volts between the cathode and all other electrodes connected together as an anode. C: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter (Corning CS No. 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is interposed between the light source and the tube under the same condition as Note B. D: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with the anode-to-cathode supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1. E: Measured with the same supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio as Note D at 30 minutes after removal of light. F: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from 10 % to 90 % of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse. G: The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of a delta function light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time the output pulse reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement the entire photocathode is illuminated. H: In the case of R2486
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter Supply Voltage Between Anode and Cathode Average Anode Current AH R2486 Ambient R2486-01, -02, -03, -04 Temperature Value 1300 0.1 -80 to +50 -30 to +50 Unit V dc mA C
CHARACTERISTICS (Typ. at 25 C)
Parameter Luminous B Radiant at 420 nm Blue Sensitivity index Cathode Sensitivity (CS 5-58) C Quantum Efficiency at 390 nm (peak) Luminous Anode Sensitivity D Radiant at 420 nm Gain D Anode Dark Current E Rise Time F Time Response D Electron Transit Time G Value 80 72 9.0 23 40 36 x 103 5.0 x 105 20 5.5 17 Unit A/lm mA/W -- % A/lm A/W -- nA ns ns
Table 1: Voltage Distribution Ratio and Supply Voltage
Electrodes K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 Dy11 Dy12 Distribution Ratio 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Supply Voltage: 1250 V dc, K: Cathode, Dy: Dynode, P: Anode P
2
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
100
TPMHB0495EA
Figure 2: Typical Gain
107
TPMHB0482EB
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%)
106 10 105 QUANTUM EFFICIENCY
GAIN
1
104
103 0.1 102
0.01
200
400
600
800
101 300
500
700
1000
1500
WAVELENGTH (nm)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 3: Example of Spatial Resolution
TPMHB0481EB
Figure 4: Example of Spatial Resolution as a Function of Incident Photoelectrons
TPMHB0150EC
ANODE
SPATIAL RESOLUTION (FWHM)
COUNT PER CHANNEL
SUPPLY VOLTAGE=1250 V WAVELENGTH=565 nm SPOT SIZE= 1.0 mm SPOT INTERVAL=1.0 mm on PHOTOCATHODE NUMBER OF INCIDENT PHOTOELECTRONS=4000 per EVENT
(mm) 1.0 0.8 0.6
WAVELENGTH=565 nm SPOT SIZE= 1.0 mm
FWHM=0.3 mm
0.4
PITCH= 3.75 mm NUMBER= 16 + 16 (X) (Y)
0.2
0.1 2 10
103
104
105
CHANNEL NUMBER
NUMBER OF INCIDENT PHOTOELECTRONS (per/event)
NOTE: The above data is measured with spot light source. The spot size is 1 mm in diameter, and the wavelength is 565 nm. The light is operated in pulse mode so that light intensity of 4,000 photoelectrons is obtained. The light source is scanned with 1 mm step on the photocathode, the output signal is calculated and plotted in accordance with the position of the light source. The fluctuation of the position signal is 0.3 mm at FWHM.
3
POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2486 SERIES
Figure 5: Spatial Resolution X-Axis
100
TPMHB0678EA
Y-Axis
TPMHB0679EA
SUPPLY VOLTAGE: -1000 V WAVELENGTH: 420 nm 80
100 X8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE: -1000 V WAVELENGTH: 420 nm
RELATIVE OUTPUT (%)
RELATIVE OUTPUT (%)
X9
80 Y9 Y8 60 FWHM: 8.6 mm 40
60 FWHM: 9.5 mm 40
20
20
0 100
15
30
45
60
75
0 100
15
30
45
60
75
POSITION (mm)
POSITION (mm)
Figure 6: Test Condition of Spatial Resolution
SPOT SIZE: 1 mm
Figure 7: Example of Scintillation Imaging
TPMHF0062
10 mm
SCAN INPUT WINDOW (t=3 mm)
10 mm 10 mm
PHOTOELECTRON
PHOTOCATHODE
MESH DYNODE CROSS WIRE ANODE ...(X8, X9 or Y8, Y9) PHOTOCATHODE
2 mm
Position of collimator
NaI (TI): 5 mmt + 57Co Supply Voltage = 1250 V Material: lead Thickness: 10 mm
Position of Incident Radiation
TPMHC0206EA
OPERATING EXAMPLE
The R2486-02 can be connected to commercially available general-purpose measuring instruments. The figure below shows a typical connection example. Ortec Position-Sensitive Detector Analyzer (NIM Module) can be connected to the R2486-02.
SUMMING AMP. ORTEC 533 XA XB YC YD XA XB DELAY LINE AMP. XA + XB
POSITION INPUT ENERGY INPUT POSITION INPUT ENERGY INPUT
XA XA + XB
X POSITION
ADC
R2486-02
YC YD YC + YD
PREAMPLIFIER INTEGRATION
YC YC + YD
Y POSITION
ADC
ORTEC 460
POSITION SENSITIVE DETECTOR ANALYZER ORTEC 464
PC
TPMHC0156EB
4
Figure 8: X- and Y-Axis of R2486 Series
GUIDE MARK
X-1
Y-1
Y-16
X-16
TOP VIEW
TPMHC0207EA
DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE (Unit: mm)
Figure 9: R2486
76 1 50 MIN. 3 PHOTOCATHODE 13 MAX. 40.0 0.5 54.0 0.5 CATHODE PIN 60 3.75
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15 X16 DY6 DY4
Y6 Y5 Y7 Y8 X16 X15
SEMI FLEXIBLE LEADS
X
DY8 DY10
X14 X13 X12 X11 X10 X9 Y16 Y15 Y14 X4 X3 X2 X1 Y9 Y10 Y13 Y12 Y11 X5
3.75
Y4 Y3
DY12
DY2
Y2 Y1
Y
K DY1
X8 X7 X6
DY3
DY11
DY5 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 Y15 Y16
DY9 DY7
ANODE PATTERN (TOP VIEW)
BOTTOM VIEW
75 MAX.
TPMHA0422EB
55 2
5
POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2486 SERIES
DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE (Unit: mm)
Figure 10: R2486-01
76 1 50 MIN. 3 PHOTOCATHODE 55 2
X
X16 X15 X14 X13 X12 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8
IC SOCKET (SNAP SIP) EMC 14120-01-445 IC SOCKET PITCH
2.54 2.54
Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 X8 X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1
HV-IN
75+1 -0
66
X11 X10 X9 Y16 Y15 Y14 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13
Y
2- 3.2 BOTTOM VIEW
TPMHA0423EB
1000 100
C1 1R 2R 2R 2R C2 2R
WIRE ANODE
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15 X16
DY12 DY11 DY10 DY9 DY8 DY7
4
-H.V: RG-174/U
2R
2R
20 1
1.6
84 MAX.
1R : 180 k 1/2 W 2R : 360 k 1/2 W C1 : 0.002 F/2 kV C2 : 0.01 F/500 V 2R C3 : 0.01 F/500 V 2R 2R C3 10 k
2R
DY6 DY5 DY4 DY3 DY2 DY1
2R
2R
F K
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 Y15 Y16
1R
RG-174U
HV IN
TPMHC170EA
6
Figure 11: R2486-02
76 1 50 MIN. PHOTOCATHODE 3 55 2 11.2 20 1
SIGNAL OUTPUT : 0.8D COAXIAL CABLES -H.V : RG-174/U
X
XB YC YD XA
Y
1000 100
86.2 3.0
TPMHA0160ED
BOTTOM VIEW
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 Y15 Y16
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15 X16
C3 DY12 DY11 DY10 DY9 DY8 DY7 DY6 DY5 DY4 DY3 DY2 DY1 F K 1R 2R 2R 2R 2R 2R
2R
1R 2R 2R C2 2R 2R 2R 2R C1 10 k 1R: 180 k 1/2 W 2R: 360 k 1/2 W C1: 0.002 F/2 kV C2: 0.01 F/500 V C3: 0.01 F/500 V
RG-174U
HV IN
XA XB
YC
YD
EACH RESISTOR: 1 K
TPMHC0086ED
7
POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2486 SERIES
Figure 12: R2486-03
Variant type of R2486-02 having HA coating and -metal shielding.
PHOTOCATHODE HA COATING
77 1 76 1 50 Min. 3 55 2 11.2 20 1
MAGNETIC SHIELD HEAT SHRINKABLE TUBE
LIGHT SHIELD
H.V: RG-174/U
1000 100
SIGNAL OUTPUT : 0.8D COAXIAL CABLES
86.2 3.0
TPMHA0490EA
Figure 13: R2486-04
Variant type of R2486-03 with the aluminum case.
ALUMINUM CASE SIGNAL OUTPUT 0.8D COAXIAL CABLE
88 0.1
HV RG-174/U 120.0 0.2 1000 100
TPMHA0424EA
HOMEPAGE URL http://www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Center 314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: usa@hamamatsu.com Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.de France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: infos@hamamatsu.fr United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.co.uk North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvagen 12, SE-171-41 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.se Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.it
TPMH1206E02 DEC. 2001 IP

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